NAYA Knowledge Base
Explore our in-depth guides on modern fintech infrastructure, automated reconciliation, and multi-entity ledgers.
Crypto-to-Fiat Bridge Reconciliation
Reconciling crypto bridges. Matching on-chain events (etherscan) with off-chain bank settlements. Handling volatility and mint/burn cycles.
Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) Ledger Logic
Architecting Buy Now Pay Later ledgers. Managing "Installment" objects, payment scheduling, and triggering late fees programmatically.
Card Issuing Reconciliation (Interchange & Fees)
Reconciling card issuing programs. Parsing Scheme files (Visa/Mastercard) against Processor files. Deciphering Interchange++ fee structures.
Lending Ledger Infrastructure (Loan Servicing)
Architecting a loan servicing ledger. Tracking Principal vs. Interest vs. Fees. Amortization schedules and "Days Past Due" state machines.
Marketplace Payout Architectures (Split Payments)
Managing 1-to-Many payment splits. Architecting commission logic, handling refunds, and managing negative balances in sub-merchant accounts.
Treasury Management Systems (TMS) Integration
How to aggregate cash visibility across banks. Connecting via EBICS/Host-to-Host, parsing XML statements (camt.053), and centralized liquidity.
Continuous Accounting vs. Monthly Close
Moving from "End of Month" crunch to real-time books. Implementing automated accruals, daily soft-closes, and continuous validation.
The "Thin Core" Banking Architecture
Building modern ledgers on top of legacy cores. Why you should use the bank only for settlement and keep product logic in your own ledger.
Sharding Financial Databases
Strategies for scaling ledgers. Partitioning by User ID vs. Entity ID. The "Hot Tenant" problem and handling cross-shard transactions.
Double-Entry Database Schema Design
Designing a double-entry ledger in SQL. The relationship between Transactions, Entries, and Accounts. Using Foreign Keys to enforce balance constraints.
Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Transaction Monitoring Patterns
Implementing AML architecture. Real-time scoring vs. post-transaction monitoring. Integrating velocity checks and sanctions lists.
KYC/KYB Data Integration Workflows
Integrating identity verification (Sumsub, Persona) into payment flows. Handling "Pending Review" states, webhooks, and preventing onboarding friction.
PCI-DSS Level 1 Infrastructure for Non-Security Engineers
Technical guide to PCI-DSS Level 1. Understanding tokenization vaults, PAN storage restrictions, and network segmentation to reduce scope.
Client Money Protection (CASS) Automation
Automating CASS (Client Assets Sourcebook) compliance. Daily internal vs external reconciliation calculations to prove solvency to regulators.
FBO Accounts (For Benefit Of) Architecture
How FBO (For Benefit Of) accounts work technically. Mapping a single pooled bank account to millions of user sub-ledgers while ensuring compliance.
FX Hedging and Multi-Currency Revaluation
Managing FX risk programmatically. Learn about Realized vs. Unrealized gains/losses, revaluation jobs, and impact on liquidity.
Cross-Border Payment Reconciliation Challenges
The engineering challenges of cross-border recon. Handling Lifting Fees (BEN/SHA/OUR), principal deduction logic, and "Grossing Up" entries.
Nostro and Vostro Accounts Explained
The mechanics of correspondent banking. How "Mirrored Accounts" work, shadow ledgers, and why reconciliation is harder when you don't own the ledger.
SWIFT vs. SEPA: Settlement Architecture
Comparing the correspondent banking model (SWIFT) vs. pan-European clearing (SEPA). Understanding T+Dates, message flows, and settlement finality.
ISO 20022 Migration for Developers
Moving from unstructured SWIFT MT text to structured ISO 20022 XML (MX). Learn how this impacts reconciliation parsers and data models.
Internal Ledger vs. Bank Ledger: Key Differences
Why do fintechs need an internal ledger? Contrast the "Intent" (Internal) with the "Settlement" (Bank) and understand the synchronization gap.
How Ledger-as-a-Service Works for Fintechs
Ledger-as-a-Service provides double-entry accounting via API. Stop building custom SQL tables for balances and use immutable, scalable ledger infrastructure.
How Transaction Matching Works in Automated Systems
Deep dive into matching algorithms: One-to-One, One-to-Many, and Many-to-Many logic. How to handle bundling and tolerance thresholds.
What is Exception Handling in Payment Reconciliation?
Exception handling manages breaks in financial data. Learn how to automate routing, reduce Mean Time to Resolution (MTTR), and maintain audit trails.
What is a Multi-Entity Ledger in Fintech?
Multi-entity ledgers support complex corporate hierarchies. Learn about data segregation, consolidated API views, and managing subsidiary accounts.
How Real-Time Reconciliation Works for High-Volume Payments
Moving from batch processing to event-driven reconciliation. How to handle webhooks, race conditions, and intraday cash visibility.
What is Bank Reconciliation Automation?
Automating bank reconciliation requires parsing legacy file formats like MT940 and BAI2. Learn how to normalize banking data for modern stacks.
What is a Reconciliation Engine?
A technical deep dive into reconciliation engines. Learn how rules engines, state management, and exception routing automate financial operations.
What is a Subledger in Fintech?
Understanding the role of subledgers in scaling financial operations beyond the General Ledger.
How ACH Processing and Reconciliation Work
Understanding the lifecycle of an ACH payment. Handling NACHA files, ODFI/RDFI roles, R-Code returns (NSF), and managing "Pending" ledger states.
What is a Multi-Currency Ledger?
Architecting multi-currency ledgers. Handling Base Currency reporting, realized vs. unrealized FX gains, and multi-denomination accounts.
What is Intercompany Reconciliation?
Automating intercompany flows. How to manage "Due To/Due From" entries, eliminate elimination bottlenecks, and ensure net-zero consolidation.
What is Automated Payment Reconciliation?
Automated payment reconciliation uses ETL pipelines and fuzzy matching logic to enforce consistency between internal ledgers and bank statements without manual intervention.
What is a Transaction Ledger in Embedded Finance?
Understand the Transaction Ledger. The append-only, double-entry log that powers embedded finance, ensuring ACID compliance and auditability.
How Wallet Ledgers Work in Marketplaces
How marketplace wallets work technically. The distinction between the "View Layer" (Redis/Cache) and the "Source Ledger" (Postgres) to handle high-concurrency balances.
End-to-End Payment Lifecycle Automation
Implementing Finite State Machines (FSM) for payments. Tracking transactions from Initiated to Settled to Reconciled using strict transitions.
What is a Financial Events System?
Why fintechs need an Event Sourcing architecture. Moving beyond CRUD to immutable event logs for auditability, replayability, and debugging.
What is a Virtual Account?
Virtual Accounts are addressable routing endpoints, not stores of value. Learn how vIBANs solve payment attribution and automate reconciliation.
How Payment Orchestration Works Across Banks
How payment orchestration layers (POL) work. Smart routing logic, handling processor downtime (failover), and vaulting cards for portability.
What is a Payment Rail?
A technical comparison of payment rails. Analyze the trade-offs between Speed (RTP), Cost (ACH), and Irrevocability (Wire) in financial architecture.